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Comparing lithography methods at DTU Nanolab

	UV Lithography	DUV Stepper Lithography	E-beam Lithography	Nano Imprint Lithography
Generel description	Pattern transfer via UltraViolet (UV) light	Pattern transfer via Deep UltraViolet (DUV) light	Patterning by electron beam	Pattern transfer via hot embossing (HE)
Pattern size range	Resist type, thickness, and pattern dependent ~1.25 µm and up	pattern type, shape and pitch dependent ~200 nm and up	~12 nm - 1 µm	~20 nm and up
Resist type	UV sensitive: AZ 5214E, AZ 4562, AZ MiR 701 (positive) AZ 5214E, AZ nLOF 2020, SU-8 (negative)	DUV sensitive JSR KRF M230Y, JSR KRF M35G (positive) UVN2300-0.8 (negative)	E-beam sensitive AR-P6200 CSAR, ZEP502A , PMMA, HSQ, mr-EBL, AR-N 7520	Imprint polymers: Topas PMMA mr-I 7030R
Resist thickness range	~0.5µm to 20µm	~50nm to 2µm	~30nm to 0.5 µm	~ 100nm to 2µm
Typical exposure time	2s-30s pr. wafer	Process depended, depends on pattern, pattern area and dose	Depends on dose, Q [µC/cm2], beam current, I [A], and pattern area, A [cm2]: t = Q*A/I	Process depended, depends also on heating and cooling temperature rates
Substrate size	small samples 50 mm wafers 100 mm wafers 150 mm wafers	100 mm wafers 150 mm wafers 200 mm wafers	We have cassettes that fit to 4 small samples (20mm, 12mm, 8mm, 4mm) 6 wafers of 50 mm in size 3 wafers of 100 mm in size 1 wafer of 150 mm in size 1 wafer of 200 mm in size Only one cassette can be loaded at a time	small samples 50 mm wafers 100 mm wafers 150 mm wafers
Allowed materials	Any standard cleanroom material	Any standard cleanroom material	Any standard cleanroom material, except materials that will degas and special treatment for graphene	Any standard cleanroom material

Equipment Pages

Pretreatment

Coating

Baking

UV Exposure

Deep-UV Exposure

DUV Stepper (Canon FPA-3000EX4)

Electron Beam Exposure

NanoImprint Lithography

Development

Descum

Lift-off

Lift-off

Strip

Lithography Tool Package Training

DTU Nanolab offers a Tool Package Training in Lithography; the course includes theory on lithographic processes and equipment, as well as training in equipment operation and processing in the cleanroom.

The course is for all users that intend to perform any kind of lithographic processing in the cleanroom, and is a prerequisite for training in other lithography equipment.

For details, dates, and course material, please check the course description under Courses.

Lithography Tool Package Training
Schedule	Theoretical part Lecture videos that can be viewed at one's leisure. A 1 hour "questions and exercises" session 2 times a month (typically Fridays 09:30-10:30). Practical part A 3-4 hour training session 2 times a month, max. 4 persons per session (typically Wednesdays 09:00 - 12:30 or 10:00 - 13:30).
Location	Theoretical part The location of the "questions and exercises" session is room 121A in building 345C. Practical part The training session takes place inside the cleanroom. The meeting point will be in front of the first equipment.
Qualified Prerequisites	Cleanroom safety course at DTU Nanolab Admission to the cleanroom must be obtained before the training session Theoretical part must be completed before the training session
Preparations	Before the "questions and exercises" session Read Sami Franssila "Introduction to Microfabrication" (2010), Chapter 9: Optical Lithography. (Available online from DTU campus) Watch the lecture videos (7 videos, 2:41 hours in total). Write down any questions that may arise during the videos. Before training session Complete the theoretical part (Q&E) Watch the training videos of spin coating (automatic), exposure (operation, and alignment), and development (automatic). Study the equipment manuals. The manuals are available in LabManager. Study the TPT process flows (first print, and alignment).
Course Responsible	The Lithography Group at DTU Nanolab lithography@nanolab.dtu.dk.
Learning Objectives	Describe fundamental parts of lithographic processing in a cleanroom, design of process flows Authorization to use spin coater, mask aligner, and developer at DTU Nanolab Calculate relevant process parameters Analyze and apply your results of lithographic processing

Knowledge and Information about Lithography

Literature

Lecture videos

Lithography TPT lecture videos (7 videos, 2:41 hours in total) on DTU Podcasts or YouTube
A full lecture series from a UT Austin course on microfabrication by "litho guru" Chris Mack. Half of the lectures are on (projection) lithography :-)

Lithography TPT lecture slides

Training videos

Playlist on YouTube:

Lithography TPT training videos

Manuals

Automatic Spin Coater: Spin Coater: Gamma UV
Manual Spin Coater: Spin Coater: Labspin 02 or Spin Coater: Labspin 03
UV Mask Aligner: Aligner: MA6 - 2 or KS Aligner
Automatic Puddle Developer: Developer: TMAH UV-lithography
Manual Puddle Developer: Developer: TMAH Manual
Manual E-beam Developer: Developer: E-beam Manual

Process Flows

Resists

UV Exposure

Information on UV Exposure Dose

Electron Beam Exposure

Deep-UV Exposure

Deep-UV Stepper Lithography

@@ Line 184: / Line 184: @@
 *[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Lithography/EBeamLithography/RaithElphy|Raith Elphy on SEM - LEO]]
+'''<big>[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Imprinting|NanoImprint Lithography]]</big>'''
+*[[Specific Process Knowledge/Thin film deposition/MVD|Molecular Vapour Deposition]]
+*[[Specific Process Knowledge/Lithography/NanoImprintLithography#EVG NIL|Imprinter 01]]
+| style="width: 20%"|
 '''<big>[[Specific Process Knowledge/Lithography/Development|Development]]</big>'''
 *[[Specific Process Knowledge/Lithography/Development#Developer-6inch|Developer: 6inch]]
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 *[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Lithography/DUVStepperLithography#Developer_TMAH_Stepper|Developer: TMAH Stepper]]
-| style="width: 20%"|
 '''<big>[[Specific Process Knowledge/Lithography/Descum|Descum]]</big>'''
 *[[Specific Process Knowledge/Lithography/Strip#Plasma_asher|Plasma Asher 1]]
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 *[[Specific Process Knowledge/Lithography/Strip#Plasma_Asher_2|Plasma Asher 2]]
 *[[Specific Process Knowledge/Lithography/Strip#Resist_Strip|Resist Strip]]
-'''<big>[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Imprinting|NanoImprint Lithography]]</big>'''
-*[[Specific Process Knowledge/Thin film deposition/MVD|Molecular Vapour Deposition]]
-*[[Specific Process Knowledge/Lithography/NanoImprintLithography#EVG NIL|Imprinter 01]]
 |}