Specific Process Knowledge/Thin film deposition/Deposition of Germanium

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Deposition of Germanium

Germanium can be deposited by thermal evaporation, e-beam evaporation, and sputtering.

Thermal deposition

Ge deposition equipment comparison


Thermal evaporation (Wordentec) E-beam evaporation (E-beam evaporator (Temescal) and E-beam evaporator (10-pockets)) Sputtering (Lesker) Sputtering (Sputter-system Metal-Oxide (PC1) and Sputter-system Metal-Nitride (PC3))
General description Thermal deposition of Ge E-beam deposition of Ge Sputter deposition of Ge Sputter deposition of Ge
Pre-clean none Ar ion etch (only in E-beam evaporator Temescal) RF Ar clean RF Ar clean
Layer thickness 10 Å to about 2000 Å (in total distributed on all loaded wafers) few nm to about 1 µm* 10 Å to at least 1000 Å 10 Å to ?
Deposition rate 0.4 Å/s - ~ 2 Å/s 1 Å/s - 5 Å/s Depends on deposition parameters Depends on deposition parameters
Batch size
  • 24x 2" wafers or
  • 6x 4" wafers or
  • 6x 6" wafers or

Many small pieces

  • Up to 4 x 6" wafer or
  • 3x 8" wafers (ask for special holder)
  • Many smaller pieces
  • 1x6" wafer or
  • 1x4" wafer or

smaller pieces

  • 10x6" or 4" wafers
  • many smaller pieces
Allowed materials

Almost any that does not degas. See the cross-contamination sheet.

Almost any that does not degas at your intended substrate temperature. See the cross-contamination sheet.

  • Almost any that does not degas at your intended substrate temperature.
  • Almost any that does not degas at your intended substrate temperature. See cross contamination sheets for PC1 and PC3

* For cumulative deposition above 600 nm please write to metal@nanolab.dtu.dk to make sure there will be enough material present in the machine.