Specific Process Knowledge/Wafer cleaning

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Cleaning of wafers

During processing it is sometimes mandatory, necessary or just recommended to clean the wafers or the photo lithographic masks. This can be done by different cleaning procedures depending on what the wafers have been exposed to and where they are going to be further processed. As a general rule all wafers that go into the high temperature furnaces need a full RCA clean directly before the furnace step. Wafers that have been etched in KOH is often transferred directly to the warm phosphoric acid for nitride strip. Therefore wafers that have been in the KOH baths, KOH BHF baths or the warm phosphoric acid always need at minimum a 7-up or Piranha clean before they can be further processed. Items that have been outside the cleanroom should always be cleaned in soap and ultra sound followed by a 7-up or Piranha clean before entering the cleanroom. Masks that has become dirty by dust particles and resist residues has to be cleaned in the 7-up (mask) bath before use. Sometimes the wafers need a certain cleaning process before they can enter specific process equipments due to the risk of cross contamination. Please consult the cross contamination scheme to see whether your wafers need a cleaning before the next processing sequence. Below is listed different cleaning procedures available at Danchip.

Comparison of Wafer Cleaning Methods

	RCA	7-up & Piranha	5% HF	IMEC	Soap Sonic
Generel description	Two step process to remove organics and metals	Removes organics and alkali ions	Removing native oxide	Cleaning before wafer bonding Removes dust, organics and alkali ions and slight polish of surface. Make the surface hydrophillic	Removing dust and particles
Purpose	Mandatory prior furnace processes	When needed and always after KOH etch and Nitride etch in Phosphoric acid. Sometimes mandatory before next processing step.	Optional during RCA cleaning	Recommended cleaning and treatment before wafer bonding	Mandatory cleaning of very dirty items that enters the cleanroom. Should always be followed by a piranha clean.
Substrate size	#1-25 2", 4" and 6" wafers	#1-25 2", 4" and 6" wafers	#1-25 2", 4" and 6" wafers	#1-25 2" and 4" wafers	All sizes that can go into the bath
Allowed materials	Silicon Poly Silicon Silicon Oxide Silicon Nitride Silicon Oxynitride Quartz/fused silica	Silicon Poly Silicon Silicon Oxide Silicon Nitride Silicon Oxynitride Quartz/fused silica Pyrex, other glass and Silicon wafers with Cr ONLY allowed in 7-up (Mask) cleaning bath or beaker in fumehood	Silicon Poly Silicon Silicon Oxide Silicon Nitride Silicon Oxy-nitride Quartz/fused silica Resists (depending on bath) Pyrex (depending on bath)	Silicon Poly Silicon Silicon Oxide Silicon Nitride Silicon Oxynitride Quartz/fused silica Pyrex	All materials