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== Choose topic ==
{{cc-nanolab}}
*[[/Surface imaging|Surface imaging]]
 
'''Feedback to this page''': '''[mailto:labadviser@nanolab.dtu.dk?Subject=Feed%20back%20from%20page%20http://labadviser.nanolab.dtu.dk/index.php/Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization click here]''' <br>
 
==Overview of characteristics and where to measure it==
 
{| {{table } }
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Optical_microscope| Optical Microscopes]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy|SEM (incl. EDX)]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/AFM: Atomic Force Microscopy|AFM]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/Topographic measurement#Comparison of Stylus Profilers, Optical Profilers and AFMs at Nanolab|Stylus profilers]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Topographic_measurement#Comparison of Stylus Profilers, Optical Profilers and AFMs at Nanolab|Optical profilers]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Optical_characterization#Filmtek_4000|Filmtek (reflectometer)]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Optical_characterization#Ellipsometer|Ellipsometer]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Thickness_Measurer|Thickness stylus]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/XPS|XPS]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/PL_mapper|PL mapper]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/Four-Point Probe|4-point probe]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Probe_station|Probe station]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/XRD|XRD]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Lifetime_scanner_MDPmap|Life time scanner]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Drop_Shape_Analyzer|Drop shape analyser]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Hardness_measurement|Hardness tester]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/Particle Scanner Takano|Particle scanner]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|IR-camera
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/III-V_ECV-profiler|III-V ECV-profiler]]
|  width="30" align="center" style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; transform: rotate(180deg);background:#f0f0f0;"|[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/MicroSpectroPhotometer (Craic 20/30 PV)|Microspectrophotometer (Craic 20/30 PV)]]
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| Breakdown voltage
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| Carrier density/doping profile
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||x||
 
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| Charge carrier life time||||||||||||||||||||||||||||x||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| Contact angle hydrophobic/hydrophillic||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||x||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| Crystallinity||||||||||||||||||||||||||x||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| Deposition uniformity||||||||||x||x||x||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Sample_imaging|Dimensions(in plane)]]||x||x||(x)||(x)||x||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||x
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Topographic_measurement|Dimensions(height)/Topography]]||(x)||(x)||x||x||x||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| Electrical conductivity||||||||||||||||||||||||x||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| [[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Element_analysis|Element analysis]]||||x||||||||||||||x||x  <sup>{{fn|4}}</sup>||||||x  <sup>{{fn|4}}</sup>||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| [[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Stress_measurement|Film stress]]||||||||x||||||||||||||||||x  <sup>{{fn|7}}</sup>||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"|[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Sample_imaging|Imaging]]||x||x||x||||x||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||x
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| [[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Hardness_measurement|Material Hardness]]||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||x||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| Band gap||||||||||||||x||||x||x||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| Particles||x||x||x||||||||||||||||||||||||||||x||||||x
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| Phase changes||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| Reflectivity||||||||||||x||x||||||x <sup>{{fn|6}}</sup>||||||||||||||||||||x
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| [[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Measurement_of_film_thickness_and_optical_constants|Refractive index]]||||||||||||x||x||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| Resistivity||||||||||||||||||||||x||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| Step coverage||x  <sup>{{fn|1}}</sup>||x  <sup>{{fn|1}}</sup>||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| Surface roughness||||||x||x||x||||||||||||||||x||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| Thermal conductivity||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| [[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Measurement_of_film_thickness_and_optical_constants|Thin film thickness]]||x  <sup>{{fn|1}}</sup>||x  <sup>{{fn|1}}</sup>||x  <sup>{{fn|2}}</sup>||x  <sup>{{fn|2}}</sup>||x  ||x||x||||||x <sup>{{fn|5}}</sup>||x  <sup>{{fn|3}}</sup>||||x||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| Voids in wafer bonding||x||||||||||||||||||x||||||||||||||||x||||
|-
|-style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center"
|align="left"| [[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Thickness_Measurer|Wafer thickness]]||x  <sup>{{fn|1}}</sup>||x  <sup>{{fn|1}}</sup>||||||||||||x||||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|-style="background:#C0C0C0;" align="center"
|align="left"| Work function||||||||||||||||||x||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|}
<br clear="all">
<sup>{{fn|1}}</sup> Using the cross section method<br>
<sup>{{fn|2}}</sup> Using the create step method<br>
<sup>{{fn|3}}</sup> With known resistivity<br>
<sup>{{fn|4}}</sup> Composition information for crystalline materials<br>
<sup>{{fn|5}}</sup> Only single layer<br>
<sup>{{fn|6}}</sup> Good for characterization of VCSEL structures and DBR mirrors<br>
<sup>{{fn|7}}</sup> Only for crystalline films<br>
 
== Choose characterization topic ==
*[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/III-V_ECV-profiler|Carrier density (doping) profiler]]
*[[Specific_Process_Knowledge/Characterization/Drop_Shape_Analyzer|Contact angle measurement]]
*[[/Element analysis|Element analysis]]
*[[/Measurement of film thickness and optical constants|Film thickness and optical constants]]
*[[/Hardness measurement|Hardness measurement]]
*[[/PL mapper|Photoluminescence mapping]]
*[[/Four-Point_Probe|Four-Point Probe (Resistivity measurement)]] <!-- [[/Resistivity measurement|Resistivity measurement]] -->
*[[/Sample imaging|Sample imaging]]
*[[/Sample preparation|Sample preparation for inspection]]
*[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy|Scanning Electron Microscopy]]
*[[/Stress measurement|Stress measurement]]
*[[/Thickness Measurer|Wafer thickness measurement]]
*[[/Topographic measurement|Topographic measurement]]
*[[/Topographic measurement|Topographic measurement]]
*[[/Stress measurement|Stress measurement]]
*[[Specific Process Knowledge/Characterization/XRD|X-ray diffraction]]  
*[[/Measurement of optical constants|Measurement of optical constants]]
<!--
*[[/Film thickness measurement|Film thickness measurement]]
*[[/Wafer thickness measurement|Wafer thickness measurement]]
*[[/Element analysis|Element analysis]]
*[[/Hydrophobicity measurement|Hydrophobicity measurement]]
*[[/Resistivity measurement|Resistivity measurement]]
*[[/Other electrical measurements|Other electrical measurements]]
*[[/Other electrical measurements|Other electrical measurements]]
-->


== Choose equipment ==
== Choose equipment ==


===[[/SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy|SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy]]===
===AFM===
*[[/AFM: Atomic Force Microscopy|''Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)'']]
 
===Electrical measurements===
*[[/Four-Point Probe|4-Point Probe]]
*[[/Probe station|Probe station]]
*[[/III-V ECV-profiler|III-V ECV-profiler (Electrochemical Capacitance-Voltage carrier density profiler)]]
 
===Element analysis===
*[[/SEM Supra 2|SEM with EDX]]
*[[/XPS|XPS tools ]]
 
===Optical and stylus profilers===
*[[/Sensofar_S_Neox|Sensofar S Neox (Optical Profiler)]]
*[[/Dektak_XTA|Dektak XTA (Stylus Profiler)]]
*[[/Tencor_P17|Tencor P17 (Stylus Profiler)]]
*[[/Dektak_3ST|Dektak 3ST (Stylus profiler)]]
*[[/Dektak_150|Dektak 150 (Stylus Profiler)]]
 
===Optical microscopes===
*[[/Optical microscope|Optical microscopes]]
 
===Optical characterization===
*[[/Optical characterization#Ellipsometer|Ellipsometer]]
*[[/Optical characterization#Filmtek_4000|Filmtek 4000]]
*[[/PL mapper|PL mapper - ''Photoluminescence mapper'']]
*[[/Lifetime scanner MDPmap|Lifetime scanner MDPmap]]
 
===SEMs at DTU Nanolab - building 307/314===
<!-- *[[LabAdviser/CEN/Quanta 3D FIB/SEM|FIB-SEM FEI QUANTA 200 3D]] -->
*[[LabAdviser/314/Microscopy 314-307/FIB/Helios|Dual Beam FEI Helios Nanolab 600]]
*[[LabAdviser/314/Microscopy 314-307/SEM/Nova|SEM FEI Nova 600 NanoSEM]]
*[[
LabAdviser/314/Microscopy 314-307/SEM/QFEG|SEM FEI Quanta 200 ESEM FEG]]
<!-- *[[LabAdviser/CEN/Inspect S|SEM Inspect S]] -->


*[[/SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy#FEI_SEM|FEI SEM]]
===SEM's in building 346===
*[[/SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy#LEO_SEM|LEO SEM]]
*[[/SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy |SEM Comparison page]]
*[[/SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy#JEOL_SEM|JEOL SEM]]
*[[/SEM Supra 1|SEM Supra 1]]
*[[/SEM Supra 2|SEM Supra 2]]
*[[/SEM Supra 3|SEM Supra 3]]
*[[/SEM Tabletop 1|SEM Tabletop 1]]


===[[/AFM: Atomic Force Microscopy|AFM: Atomic Force Microscopy]]===
===TEMs at DTU Nanolab - building 307/314===
*[[/AFM: Atomic Force Microscopy#Nanoman|Nanoman - ''AFM'']]
*[[LabAdviser/314/Microscopy 314-307/TEM/ATEM |Titan ATEM]]
*[[LabAdviser/314/Microscopy 314-307/TEM/ETEM |Titan ETEM]]
*[[LabAdviser/314/Microscopy 314-307/TEM/T20 |Tecnai TEM]]


===[[/Profiler|Profiler]]===
===XRD===
*[[/XRD|General page on XRD]], page describing general info relevant to both our XRD's
*[[/XRD/XRD Powder|XRD Powder]], tabletop XRD for Bregg-Brentano measurements of powders
*[[/XRD/XRD SmartLab|XRD SmartLab]], advanced multipurpose instrument in the cleanroom
*[[/XRD/XRD SmartLab 9kW Rotating Anode|XRD SmartLab 9kW Rotating Anode]] multipurpose system outside the cleanroom


*[[Dektak 8 stylus profiler]]
===Various===
*Tencor
*[[/Drop Shape Analyzer|Drop Shape Analyzer]]
*[[/Thickness Measurer|Thickness Measurer]]
*[[/Hardness measurement|Hardness tester]]
*[[/Particle Scanner Takano|Particle Scanner Takano]]


===[[/Optical microscope|Optical microscope]]===
==Decommissioned equipment==
===[[/Optical characterization|Optical characterization]]===  
*[[/KLA-Tencor Surfscan 6420|KLA-Tencor Surfscan 6420]]
*Ellipsometer
*[[/X-Ray Diffractometer|Phillips X-Ray Diffractometer (owned by DTU Fotonik)]]
*Filmtek
*Prism Coupler
===[[/SIMS: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry|SIMS: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry]]===
*Atomika SIMS
===[[/Drop Shape Analyzer|Drop Shape Analyzer]]===
===[[/4-Point Probe|4-Point Probe]]===
===[[/Thickness Measurer|Thickness Measurer]]===
===[[/Probe station|Probe station]]===
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