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*Supervisors: ''Stephan Sylvest Keller and Jenny Katarina Emnéus''
*Supervisors: ''Stephan Sylvest Keller and Jenny Katarina Emnéus''
*Partners involved: ''DTU Nanolab, DTU Bioengineering''
*Partners involved: ''DTU Nanolab, DTU Bioengineering''
*Thesis - link to the thesis in orbit: ''N/A''
*Project start: ''2019-06-01''
*DTU Orbit: [https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/direct-laser-writing-of-pyrolytic-carbon-microelectrodes ''Direct laser writing of pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes'']


==Project description==
==Project description==
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Carbon is an excellent electrode material for all sorts of applications, such as sensors [1, 2], super-capacitors [3], and biological scaffolds [4]. The reason for this is that carbon has a wide potential window [5], a high chemical stability [5], is biocompatible [4], cheap, and readily available [5]. Accurate patterning of the carbon electrodes rely on the patterning of the carbon precursor. This can be done by mold casting, UV-lithography [4, 6, 7], additive manufacturing [7], and DLW [1, 2]. The main advantage of DLW is the highly localized heating, which eliminates the need for a high-temperature compatible substrate during the pyrolysis of the carbon precursor. This reduces the overall thermal budget of the process and allows for writing carbon electrodes on flexible substrates [1, 2].
Carbon is an excellent electrode material for all sorts of applications, such as sensors [1, 2], super-capacitors [3], and biological scaffolds [4]. The reason for this is that carbon has a wide potential window [5], a high chemical stability [5], is biocompatible [4], cheap, and readily available [5]. Accurate patterning of the carbon electrodes rely on the patterning of the carbon precursor. This can be done by mold casting, UV-lithography [4, 6, 7], additive manufacturing [7], and DLW [1, 2]. The main advantage of DLW is the highly localized heating, which eliminates the need for a high-temperature compatible substrate during the pyrolysis of the carbon precursor. This reduces the overall thermal budget of the process and allows for writing carbon electrodes on flexible substrates [1, 2].


So far, the project has mainly focused on LLP of SU-8, which has been modified by the inclusion of an absorber into the resin, in order for the SU-8 to absorb the laser light. The laser light is absorbed by the absorber in the SU-8 and due to the poor thermal conductivity, and the narrow spot size (ca. 32 µm) of the laser, a very rapid and local heating occur. Above ca. 900℃, the SU-8 is pyrolysed [4, 8], i.e. all non-carbonic species are ablated and only a distinct trace of carbon remains. The carbon is porous and conductive, thus making it a potent candidate for the abovementioned applications. The project is funded by the European Research Council (ERC).
So far, the project has mainly focused on LLP of SU-8, which has been modified by the inclusion of an absorber into the resin, in order for the SU-8 to absorb the laser light. The laser light is absorbed by the absorber in the SU-8 and due to the poor thermal conductivity, and the narrow spot size (ca. 32 µm) of the laser, a very rapid and local heating occur. Above ca. 900℃, the SU-8 is pyrolysed [4, 8], i.e. all non-carbonic species are ablated and only a distinct trace of carbon remains. The carbon is porous and conductive, thus making it a potent candidate for the abovementioned applications. The project is funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the Horizon
2020 framework programme grant no. 772370-PHOENEEX.


==Publications==
==Publications==
''Selective Direct Laser Writing of Pyrolytic Carbon Microelectrodes in Absorber-Modified SU-8''
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/5/564


==Fabrication: Process Flows==
==Fabrication: Process Flows==