Specific Process Knowledge/Thermal Process/Pyrolysis - Revision history

Pevo: /* General description of pyrolysis */

2024-02-26T12:47:00Z

General description of pyrolysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 26 February 2024
Line 8:		Line 8:
	https://labmanager.dtu.dk/view_binary.php?class=MiscDocument&id=10&name=Pyrolysis.png		https://labmanager.dtu.dk/view_binary.php?class=MiscDocument&id=10&name=Pyrolysis.png

	*[[/Pyrolysis with Resist Pyrolysis Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Resist Pyrolysis (former Multipurpose Anneal) ~~Furnace~~]]		*[[/Pyrolysis with Resist Pyrolysis Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Resist Pyrolysis (former Multipurpose Anneal) furnace]]

Pevo at 12:20, 26 February 2024

2024-02-26T12:20:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:20, 26 February 2024
Line 8:		Line 8:
	https://labmanager.dtu.dk/view_binary.php?class=MiscDocument&id=10&name=Pyrolysis.png		https://labmanager.dtu.dk/view_binary.php?class=MiscDocument&id=10&name=Pyrolysis.png

	*[[/Pyrolysis with ~~Multipurpose Anneal~~ Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Resist Pyrolysis (former Multipurpose Anneal) Furnace]]		*[[/Pyrolysis with Resist Pyrolysis Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Resist Pyrolysis (former Multipurpose Anneal) Furnace]]

Pevo: /* General description of pyrolysis */

2024-02-26T12:19:31Z

General description of pyrolysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:19, 26 February 2024
Line 8:		Line 8:
	https://labmanager.dtu.dk/view_binary.php?class=MiscDocument&id=10&name=Pyrolysis.png		https://labmanager.dtu.dk/view_binary.php?class=MiscDocument&id=10&name=Pyrolysis.png

	*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]		*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Resist Pyrolysis (former Multipurpose Anneal) Furnace]]

Paphol at 09:08, 15 June 2023

2023-06-15T09:08:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:08, 15 June 2023
Line 6:		Line 6:
	The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure below), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties.		The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure below), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties.

	~~[[File~~:~~pyrolysis~~.png~~\|600px\|]]~~		https://labmanager.dtu.dk/view_binary.php?class=MiscDocument&id=10&name=Pyrolysis.png

	*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]		*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]

Paphol at 09:06, 15 June 2023

2023-06-15T09:06:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 15 June 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Feedback to this page''': '''[mailto:labadviser@nanolab.dtu.dk?Subject=Feed%20back%20from%20page%20http://labadviser.nanolab.dtu.dk/index.php/Specific_Process_Knowledge/Thermal_Process/Pyrolysis click here]'''		'''Feedback to this page''': '''[mailto:labadviser@nanolab.dtu.dk?Subject=Feed%20back%20from%20page%20http://labadviser.nanolab.dtu.dk/index.php/Specific_Process_Knowledge/Thermal_Process/Pyrolysis click here]'''

			<i> Unless otherwise stated, this page is written by <b>DTU Nanolab internal</b></i>

	==General description of pyrolysis==		==General description of pyrolysis==

Paphol at 09:06, 15 June 2023

2023-06-15T09:06:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 15 June 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Feedback to this page''': '''[mailto:labadviser@~~danchip~~.dtu.dk?Subject=Feed%20back%20from%20page%20http://labadviser.~~danchip~~.dtu.dk/index.php/Specific_Process_Knowledge/Thermal_Process/Pyrolysis click here]'''		'''Feedback to this page''': '''[mailto:labadviser@nanolab.dtu.dk?Subject=Feed%20back%20from%20page%20http://labadviser.nanolab.dtu.dk/index.php/Specific_Process_Knowledge/Thermal_Process/Pyrolysis click here]'''

	==General description of pyrolysis==		==General description of pyrolysis==

Longq at 13:35, 16 April 2020

2020-04-16T13:35:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 16 April 2020
Line 4:		Line 4:
	The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure below), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties.		The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure below), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties.

	[[File:pyrolysis.png\|~~400px~~\|]]		[[File:pyrolysis.png\|600px\|]]

	*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]		*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]

Longq at 13:35, 16 April 2020

2020-04-16T13:35:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 16 April 2020
Line 4:		Line 4:
	The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure below), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties.		The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure below), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties.

	[[File:pyrolysis.png]]		[[File:pyrolysis.png\|400px\|]]

	*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]		*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]

Longq at 11:57, 16 April 2020

2020-04-16T11:57:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:57, 16 April 2020
Line 2:		Line 2:

	==General description of pyrolysis==		==General description of pyrolysis==
	The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure below), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties. Because the properties of the final carbon are largely depending on the pyrolysis process as well as the polymer precusors, each parameter has a different influence. By modifying those parameters, the properties of pyrolytic carbon can be tailored. The number of steps, the maximum temperature of each step, the heating rate, the dwell time at the maximum temperature and the gas composition inside the furnace are the parameters that can be changed to control the properties of pyrolytic carbon. At DTU Nanolab, the polymer precusor mostly is SU-8 negative photoresist and high temperature 3D printing resin. Depend on the designed properties of pyrolytic carbon material, pyrolysis process will be optimized. Check the recipes on the Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace page below.		The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure below), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties.

	[[File:pyrolysis.png]]		[[File:pyrolysis.png]]

	*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]		*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]

Longq at 11:54, 16 April 2020

2020-04-16T11:54:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 16 April 2020
Line 2:		Line 2:

	==General description of pyrolysis==		==General description of pyrolysis==
	The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure 1), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties. Because the properties of the final carbon are largely depending on the pyrolysis process as well as the polymer precusors, each parameter has a different influence. By modifying those parameters, the properties of pyrolytic carbon can be tailored. The number of steps, the maximum temperature of each step, the heating rate, the dwell time at the maximum temperature and the gas composition inside the furnace are the parameters that can be changed to control the properties of pyrolytic carbon. At DTU Nanolab, the polymer precusor mostly is SU-8 negative photoresist and high temperature 3D printing resin. Depend on the designed properties of pyrolytic carbon material, pyrolysis process will be optimized. Check the recipes on the Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace page below.		The pyrolysis process consists of multiple steps of carbonization of organic polymers at high temperature in inert atmosphere. This process includes many different parameters such as the number of thermal processing steps, temperatures, atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, gas mixture) and pressure (ambient, vacuum). During the process, the polymers chains undergo large changes. The reactions of the polymer chain take place in a multi-step process (Figure below), including dehydrogenation, cyclization, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Below 300<sup>o</sup>C is the pre-carbonization phase. In this phase, unreacted monomers and solvent are removed from the polymeric precursor structure. During phase I of carbonization (between 300<sup>o</sup>C and 500<sup>o</sup>C), all halogens and heteroatoms are eliminated. In this phase, most mass of polymer precursor is lost and meanwhile the carbon network is formed. After further increase of the temperature (from 500<sup>o</sup>C to 1200<sup>o</sup>C), the carbonization phase II is reached. The remaining hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are removed, thus forcing the aromatic network to become interconnected. In the final step, the so-called ‘annealing stage’ (above 1200<sup>o</sup>C), most of the remaining impurities are eliminated. This clearly means that the final temperature of the pyrolysis process will determine the carbon product both in term of structure and properties. Because the properties of the final carbon are largely depending on the pyrolysis process as well as the polymer precusors, each parameter has a different influence. By modifying those parameters, the properties of pyrolytic carbon can be tailored. The number of steps, the maximum temperature of each step, the heating rate, the dwell time at the maximum temperature and the gas composition inside the furnace are the parameters that can be changed to control the properties of pyrolytic carbon. At DTU Nanolab, the polymer precusor mostly is SU-8 negative photoresist and high temperature 3D printing resin. Depend on the designed properties of pyrolytic carbon material, pyrolysis process will be optimized. Check the recipes on the Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace page below.

	[[File:pyrolysis.png]]		[[File:pyrolysis.png]]

	*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]		*[[/Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace\|Pyrolysis with Multipurpose Anneal Furnace]]